Research Papers
Explore published research highlighting the science and benefits behind our technology.
Chinstraps Influence Head Impact Severity in Laboratory Facemask Impacts
Approximately 50% of head impacts and 33% of concussions in American football stem from contact with the helmet's facemask. Despite this, helmet safety innovations have primarily focused on impacts to the outer helmet shell rather than the facemask.
Evaluation of an American football helmet featuring liquid shock absorbers
The study uses finite element (FE) modeling to design, optimize, and evaluate an American football helmet that incorporates collapsible, liquid-filled shock absorbers.
A wearable hydraulic shock absorber with efficient energy dissipation
Introduces the Soft Hydraulic Shock (Soft-Shox), a compact, lightweight, liquid-filled shock absorber designed for personal protective equipment (PPE), specifically targeting head and brain injury mitigation in contact sports like American football 1
A Computational Study of Liquid Shock Absorption for Prevention of Traumatic Brain Injury
A look into using fluid-based shock absorption inside American football helmets to protect against mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI)
Collapsible fluid-filled fabric shock absorber with constant force
This paper presents a novel, nearly fully collapsible hydraulic shock absorber made from high-strength woven Kevlar fabric that overcomes the space limitations of conventional rigid telescoping dampers while providing an approximately constant energy-absorption force across varying impact velocities.
Variable area, constant force shock absorption motivated by traumatic brain injury prevention
This paper introduces Variable Area Shock Absorption (VASA)—a smart structure concept designed to passively adapt its force to the minimum necessary level to absorb impact energy over its entire stroke.